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Clitophon (dialogue)
The ''Clitophon'' (, also transliterated as ''Cleitophon''; (ラテン語:Clitopho)) is a 4th-century BC dialogue traditionally ascribed to Plato, whose authenticity is debated. It is the shortest dialogue in Plato's traditional corpus. It centers on the discussion between Clitophon and Socrates, with Socrates remaining mostly silent. Most scholarship until recently has been concerned with the authenticity rather than the actual meaning and contents of ''Clitophon''.
The dialogue depicts Clitophon complaining to Socrates that Socrates' speeches are merely exhortative; they create a desire for justice and virtue, but do not instruct how one becomes just or what justice is. Throughout the dialogue Clitophon seems to narrate his changes towards justice and the proptreptic from seeing Socrates as a god upon a stage with hopes and beliefs in attaining justice and virtue to thoughts of doubt and disappointment and eventual defiance of Socrates. ''Clitophon'' addresses Clitophon's contempt for protreptic, or exhortative, speeches. It showcases the ignorance of Socrates and depicts, as Mark Kremer puts it, the conflict of philosophy of Socrates and Clitophon's irrationality.
==Clitophon outside of ''Clitophon''==
Not much is known about the historical Clitophon. What is known, outside of Plato, is from his presence in Aristophanes' ''The Frogs'' and Xenophon's ''Constitution of the Athenians''. Depicted as a student of Euripides by Aristophanes, Clitophon is mentioned in relation to Theramenes, an Athenian politician, in both works. However while these works tell of Theramenes as Clitophon's companion, Bowe mentions ''Frogs'' and ''Athenian Constitution'' as not accurate reflections of the historical Clitophon, for only Theramenes is referenced in the works and Clitophon's character cannot be decided based solely upon his associations with Theramenes.
As is evident from Plato's ''Republic'' and ''Clitophon'', Clitophon was a politician of Athens, active from 411–405 BC, who was an advocate of ancestral law and a companion of Thrasymachus. In the ''Republic'', Clitophon speaks to defend Thrasymachus' position that justice is what is right to the ruling body. Clitophon sticks to this position even when Thrasymachus backs down (340a-340b).〔 This is the only point in which Clitophon speaks in ''Republic'', but it shows his stubbornness and faith in his own opinions. This reluctance to yield is seen in ''Clitophon'' as well.
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